Laertes and Polonius as Foils to Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shake

Laertes and Polonius as Foils to Hamlet Foils are the minor characters in a play that aid in give outing the more important characters. By using the similarities and differences between two characters, the audience can get a infract understanding of that major character. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses many foils to develop the major characters of his play. Two foils that Shakespeare used to develop Hamlets character were Laertes and Polonius. One of the foils important to the play is Laertes. Although Laertes does not come forward often in the play, he brings much to the plot and to Hamlets character. These two are similar in many charges. They both seem to be about the alike(p) age, are well educated, and gentleman. One main thing that they have in common is they both are seeking revenge for their sky pilots deaths. Both of their fathers were unnecessarily killed. Hamlets father was killed by his fathers brother for the crown and his wife, and Hamlet killed Laertes father o ver mistaken identity. It was the revenge of these two that made up the plot of the story. Because of Laertes, the two could finally take their revenge in the battle at the end that killed both Hamlet and the new king. If Laertes had not challenged Hamlet, the king would have died by some other way however, the king died by poisoning just as he had killed his brother. Another similarity in the play is the fact that both Laertes and Hamlet died by the poisoned flower of the same sword. Laertes and Hamlet were the last two to die. This completed the circle of everyone that had been directly involved in the disgraceful scandal had died. SS The poison killed the King, Queen, Hamlet, and Laertes, Polonius was killed by Ha... ...of the foils Shakespeare used to develop Hamlets character. The one that did the best in accomplishing this task was Laertes, though. Laertes and Hamlet had a common goal, and if it hadnt been for him, the story would have taken a totally different route. Po lonius was a easily foil in that he convinced everyone that Ophelia was the cause of Hamlets madness. If he hadnt been Ophelias father, this part of the story may not have been as effective. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Modern comminuted Interpretations Of Hamlet. New York, NY Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Charney, Maurice. All of Shakespeare. New York, NY. Columbia University Press. 1993. Magill, Frank N. Masterplots. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The Riverside Shakespeare. ED. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Haughton Mifflin Company, 1974.

Analysis Of Racism In Huck Finn Essay -- essays research papers

To teach or not to teach? This is the question that is this instant on many another(prenominal) administrators minds about The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. For those who read the admit without grasping the important concepts that Mark Twain gets across "in between the lines", many problems arise. A subscriber may come away with the impression that the novel is simply a negative view of the African-American race. If we believe that Huck Finn is use only as a unit of racialism we sell the book short. I feel that there is much to be learned about Blacks from this book and it should not be banned from the classroom. This is only one of many themes and expressions that Mark Twain is describing in his work. I believe that in Huck Finn slavery is utilise as insight into the nature of blacks and whites as people in general. Overall, the most important thing to understand is that Mark Twain is illustrating his valuable ideas without pushing them upon the reader directly.I believe that Huck Finn teaches a reader two important lessons about the true nature of people. Throughout the book, one of these main lessons is that Blacks can be just as caring as whites. The white characters often view the blacks as property rather than as individuals with feelings and aspirations of their own. Huck comes to crystalise that Jim is much much than a simple slave when he discusses a painful experience with his daughter. Jim describes how he once called her and she did not respond. He then takes this as a subscribe to of disobedience and beats her for it. Soon existentizing that she is indeed deaf, he comforts her and tries to make up for the act of beating. The feeling that Jim displays shows Huck that Jim has a very human response and the fact Jim says, "Oh Huck, I bust out crying....Oh the po little thing" (Twain 151), only further proves to Huck that Jim is as caring as he is. Hucks realization allows him to discover that Jim is no longer the ordinary slave. The point where Huck completely changes his attitudes towards blacks comes when he is faced with the dilemma of turning Jim in. Huck fights with his conscience and also remembers the things that Jim has done for him. "Id down him standing my watch on top of hisn, stead of calling me, so I could go on sleeping and see him how glad he was when I come back out of the fog and when I come to him again in the swamp, up there wher... ...nable that ignorance and be a victory for racism and not a loss. To consider banning this novel simply because it has situations and characters that are considered racist is superficial. The novel does show the relationships between blacks and whites in the nineteenth century. However, it shows these situations not to promote racism against blacks, but for the reader to better understand the subject. The character of Jim is shown to be caring and considerate towards Huck and more mature and human than the society allows him to be. Although he is shown to be this way, Twain shows the irony and hypocrisy of treating a mature man like simple property. The novel also shows how a boy, who is a product of this hypocritical society, comes to realize the true nature of his friend Jim and how deranged the societies beliefs are. In showing these ironic situations and the transformation that Huck goes through the reader sees racism in a real life setting. People who want to ban the book miss the idea entirely. Instead of getting rid of something that is supposedly racist, they only perpetuate racism by denying others a good source of material on the subject.      

essay on beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

In Beowulf, both goy and Christian elements are cave in which add religious contrast to the poem. The poem begins with the king, Hrothgar, taking the throne of the Danes. During his reign, one of Hrothgars accomplishments included the building of the great Mead hall which served as a place of peace of mind for his troops. Years passed and an evil monster came and terrorized the Hall. Then the great warrior, Beowulf, a foreigner offered to help liberate the town of the monster. In the end, good triumphed over evil as he bolt downed the monster and returned the city to its people.Present in this poem are certain forms of evil. The greatest of these is the descendent of Cains evil against his pal Abel. After Cain killed Abel God punished him by exiling him from the kingdom of God. From Cains soul came evil monsters, one in particular, Grendel. He was a demon a the Tempter who haunted the moors, the wild marshes and made his home in hell (actually earth). King Hrothgar finished a great mead hall for his warriors to relax and reside in when out-of-door from war. Grendel, amused by the sound of drunkenness coming from the hall, kills all who reside there. This punishment and evil went on for twelve years. The people turned to the worship of pagan Gods, hoping they would take the demon back to the pits from whence it derived.After the failure of paganism Hrothgar searched for warriors that could defeat the beast. A decorated warrior, Beowulf, sailed from the land of the Geats to help. This shows how God works in hole-and-corner(a) ways. Grendel keeps on attacking the great mead hall but refuses to go after the kings throne. God protected the throne. This is saying that God will defeat any evil that stands in his path. An example that God controls life and ending is the line God must decide who will be given to deaths cold grip. Death is not the last part of life. The mead halls gargantuan size symbolizes the peoples desire to be closer to God. Its reason fo r construction, so the people could reach the heavens.Throughout the poem good clashes with evil. One example would be Grendel taking over the Mead hall. In this instance the mead hall would symbolize safeness and good harmony. One major important clash was when the townspeople gave up on Christianity and went back to paganism to get rid of the monster.

Computer Crime In The 1990s :: essays research papers

Computer Crime In The 1990sWere being ushered into the digital frontier. Its a cyberland withincredible promise and untold dangers. Are we prep ard ? Its a battle betweenmodern day computer cops and digital hackers. Essentially just destine what iscontrolled by computer governing bodys, virtually everything.By programming a telephone interpretive program mail service to repeat the word yes over and overagain a hacker has beaten the system. The hacker of the 1990s is increasinglybecoming more organized very clear in what theyre looking for and very, verysophisticated in their methods of attack.. As hackers have become moresophisticated and more destructive, governments, phone companies and businessesare struggling to defend themselves.Phone FraudIn North America the telecommunications manufacture estimates long distancefraud costs five hundred million perhaps up to a billion every year, the exactthe exact figures are hard to be sure of but in North America alone phone fraudcommi tted by computer hackers costs three, four-spot maybe even up to five billiondollars every year. Making an unwitting company pay for long distance scrubs isthe most popular take form of phone fraud today. The first step is to gain chafe toa private automated branch exchange known as a "PABX" or "PBX". One of these canbe found in any company with twenty or more employees. A "PABX" is a computerthat manages the phone system including its voice mail. Once inside a "PABX" ahacker looks for a phone whose voice mail has not yet been programmed, then thehacker cracks its access code and programs its voice mail account to acceptcharges for long distance discovers, until the authorities catch on, not for a fewdays, hackers can use voice mail accounts to make free and untraceablecalls toall over the world. The hackers that commit this type of crime are becomingincreasingly organized. Known as "call booth operators" they setup flyby nightstorefront s were people off the street can come in and make long distance callsat a large discount, for the call cell operators of course the calls costnothing, by hacking into a PABX system they can put all the charges on thevictimized companies tab. With a set of stolen voice mail access codes known as"good numbers" hackers can crack into any phone whenever a company disables thephone theyre using. In both(prenominal) cases call cell operators have run up hundreds ofthousands of dollars in long distance charges, driving businesses and companiesstraight into bankruptcy. Hacking into a PABX is not as complicated as somepeople seem to think.

Academic Achievement of Children in Single Parent Homes Essay -- Conse

Roberta, you will never get into Princeton University Said my uncle, who laughed as I exited his car. I never thought I would hear those words come from my deary uncle. When he told me this, I had many emotions going through my head. At that moment I felt angry with him and myself because at that moment he made me encounter like I was nothing. Where was the faith in me and my ability? This man is my uncle, one who is supposed to be my support system.My uncle works for the government as a journalist. He is an extremely intelligent man, but is known for being arrogant and selfish. He tends, to make negative comments regarding my fathers level of education and my mothers job status. Because he is gainfully employed and has more education than my mother does not make him better. My father hasnt lived in the same household as me since my freshmen course of highschool. This gives my uncle the opportunity state that the absence of my father is the reason why we struggle. He also believe s that my brother and I will follow in his footsteps We will not be successful. This trading floor is important because black women are currently being stereotyped as single boots with children, who do not amount to anything. I chose this story because it demonstrates how family can negatively influence people more than strangers. Being part of this experience challenged me to be a better person. It made me rethink who I am, piece of music simultaneously working to prove my uncle wrong.Completing this project will allow me to hear individuals stories regarding growing up in single parent households and overcoming struggles despite the odds. The purpose of this study is to find out how living in single parent homes influences the level of success. During... ...Works CitedMassey, D. S. (2009). The Moynihan Report revisited lessons and reflections after four decades. railway yard Oaks, CA SAGE Publications. http//www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412839-The-Moynihan-Report-Revisited.pdfPo well, Downey. (Feb., 1993). Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living with Same-Sex Parents? http//www.jstor.org/stable/352959Amato, Stolba. (Aug., 1993 ). Extended Single-Parent Households and Childrens Behavior http//www.jstor.org/stable/4121111Dickerson, B. (1995). African American single mothers grounds their lives and families. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. Weldon, Michele.14, May 2012. Single mothers, stand proudhttp//www.cnn.com/2012/05/13/opinion/weldon-single-mothers/index.htmlLouv, Richard. 4, February 1999. Single-Parent Success Stories. http//sparkaction.org/node/34

Academic Achievement of Children in Single Parent Homes Essay -- Conse

Roberta, you will never get into Princeton University Said my uncle, who laughed as I exited his car. I never pattern I would hear those words come from my favorite uncle. When he told me this, I had many emotions going through my head. At that moment I felt idle with him and myself because at that moment he made me feel like I was nothing. Where was the faith in me and my ability? This man is my uncle, one who is supposed to be my embolden system.My uncle works for the government as a journalist. He is an extremely intelligent man, but is known for being arrogant and selfish. He tends, to make negative comments regarding my generates level of education and my mothers job status. Because he is gainfully employed and has more education than my mother does not make him better. My gravel hasnt lived in the same household as me since my freshmen year of highschool. This gives my uncle the opportunity state that the absence of my father is the reason why we struggle. He also believe s that my brother and I will follow in his footsteps We will not be successful. This story is important because black women are currently being stereotyped as mavin parents with children, who do not amount to anything. I chose this story because it demonstrates how family can negatively influence people more than strangers. Being part of this experience challenged me to be a better person. It made me rethink who I am, while simultaneously working to prove my uncle wrong.Completing this project will allow me to hear individuals stories regarding growing up in single parent households and overcoming struggles despite the odds. The purpose of this study is to find out how living in single parent homes influences the level of success. During... ...Works CitedMassey, D. S. (2009). The Moynihan Report revisited lessons and reflections after four decades. Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE Publications. http//www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412839-The-Moynihan-Report-Revisited.pdfPowell, Downey. (Feb., 19 93). Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living with Same-Sex Parents? http//www.jstor.org/stable/352959Amato, Stolba. (Aug., 1993 ). Extended Single-Parent Households and Childrens behavior http//www.jstor.org/stable/4121111Dickerson, B. (1995). African American single mothers understanding their lives and families. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. Weldon, Michele.14, May 2012. Single mothers, stand proudhttp//www.cnn.com/2012/05/13/opinion/weldon-single-mothers/index.htmlLouv, Richard. 4, February 1999. Single-Parent Success Stories. http//sparkaction.org/ boss/34

Separation And Linking Of Contractual Arrangements Accounting Essay

Measurement samples expl personaled under IAS-18, to assist the users of the financial statements in better application and proper apprehension. A c everyplaceage entity should measure out realize originating from an accompaniment in the as sterilises or a lessening in its liabilities or the net consequence of their combination at the just look upon of that addition or lessening. Gross should be measured at the just value of the consideration received or receivable.For a clayey currency cut-rate sale, the take in is the speedy returns of sale.For a recognition sale, the gross is the awaited hard currency receivable.If the consequence of the snippet value of money is material, the gross should be discounted to show value.Gross excludes gross revenues revenue enhancements and similar points because these are non economic benefits for the entity.Gross from the sale of goodsThe gross revenues of goods should be recognised as gross after the undermentioned conditions are satisfi ed.The important hazards and wagess rescue been transferred from seller to purchaser.Managements and control of the trade goods is non retained by the marketer.The traffic sum of the goods clear be measured faithfully.The economic benefit of goods related dealing get out flux to the marketer.The cost incurred or to be incurred can be measured faithfully.Gross from servicesThe honorable mention of services rendered is measured in conformity with the phase of completion. The undermentioned conditions must be satisfied.The gross can be measured faithfully.The economic benefit of the dealing will likely flux to the provider.The completion phase can be measured faithfully at the coerage day of the month.The costs incurred and the cost to cease can be measured faithfully.When these conditions are non met, the gross should be confine to recoverable besides and the remainder should reflect as unrecoverable debts or commissariats for unrecoverable debts in the fiscal statements.Inte rest, Royalties and DividendsGross received from these beginnings should merely be recognised when they gravel been measured accurately and the answer from it is likely. gross should be recognised as follows.Interest should be estimated on a clip apportion footing where necessary, pickings into history the effectual output of the plus.Royalties are accrued in conformity with the relevant flummox.Dividends are recognised when they are declared and when the stockholder s near to have payment is established.Examples in using gross acknowledgment through a series of mini instance surveiesExample 1On 1st October in the contemporary twelvemonth, a private tuition supplier enrols a pupil on a six-month class. Lectures are held on a continuous basis every hebdomad over the whole six-month period. The tuition fees are $ 6000 and one time paid is non-refundable. All books and stuff have to be purchased indivithreefoldly. The pupil pays a first episode of $ 3000 preceding to the beginn ing of the class, and the balance of $ 3000 in six, $ 500 monthly episodes. The tuition supplier has a fiscal year-end of 31 December and proposes to recognize gross in the fiscal statements on a hard currency reception footing. At the twelvemonth terminal, the three monthly episode due have been received.RequiredTuition supplier should be advised on the right accounting interpolation for this dealing.Answer to Example 1At 31 December, it is necessary to find how overmuch gross is to be recognised in check of the proviso of tuition, i.e. in the sale of a service. The proposal is to recognize gross of $ 4500, this being the hard currency received. This is incorrect. The measuring of net income, and therefore the acknowledgment of gross, has to take some(a) history of the duplicate procedure. At the twelvemonth terminal, precisely one half of the class has been delivered. Consequently, one half of the gross can be recognised, i.e gross revenues should be $ 3000. small-arm there ar e some staged payments, i.e. there is component of deferred consideration, these are paid over a affair of months sooner than old ages. The clip value of money is consequently non regarded as stuff over this period, and so it is non necessary to dismiss the consideration received to get at the just value of the consideration.The $ 1500 received, but non yet recognised as gross at the coverage day of the month, is to be non-refundable there is, in fact, an duty to finish the contract. As deferred income, it is included n the statement of fiscal place / balance sheet as a liability instead than as equity.The original proposed intervention anticipated gross and therefore exaggerated net income in the short term.The right intervention can be summ machinated as followsDr property 4500( Bing the reception of hard currency )Cr Revenue / Gross saless 3000( Bing the gross acquire being recognised )Cr Deferred income 1500( Bing the monies received in progress of the bringing of the servic es )Example 2On 1 November 2000, a auto retail merchant agreed to sell a motor vehicle for $ 20000. At the clip, the thickening negotiated a three-year free service dread as portion of the dealing. This service understanding is usually sold for $ 1000. Besides, on 1st November 2000, the client paid a non-refundable sedimentation of $ 2000. A farther $ myriad is collectible three months subsequently on 1st February 2001. The client has been taken advantage of a free offer and will pay the balance of the $ 8000 on 1st February 2003. Delivery of the auto to the client will take topographic point on 1st February 2001. The auto retail merchant has a fiscal twelvemonth terminal of 31 December and proposes to recognize the sale of the auto at $ 20000 in the fiscal histories for the current twelvemonth.RequiredRede the auto retail merchant on the right accounting intervention for, this dealing.Answer to illustration 2First let us see the timing of the transaction- when the gross revenues take topographic point. this dealing is for gross revenues of goods, and we should find when the hazards and wagess of the self-possession have left the retail merchant. The timing if the sale is, hence, 1st February 2001, as this is when the client takes ownership of the auto and the public founding of the sale contract is, in consequence, well completed. No gross can be recognised in the current accounting period.The auto retail merchant has received $ 2000 in the current period. This has been banked ( Dr Cash ) and is to be regarded as deferred income ( Cr Deferred Income ) as, at the coverage day of the month of 31st December 2000, there has been no public presentation of the contract. While the sedimentation is said to be non-refundable, the auto trader does non hold an duty to finish the contract. Consequently, deferred income is included in the statement of the fiscal place / balance sheet as ability instead than as equity.There is besides a demand to see how to mensurate t he gross generated from the ultimate sale of the auto. Two tailors arise here. First there are ii transactions- the sale of the auto and the sale of the three twelvemonth service understanding. This is because, in substance, the service understanding has non been given international for free, and the gross from that ( $ 1000 ) should be acknowledged individually and so recognised over the three old ages. Second, the deferral consideration of $ 8000 that will be two old ages after the sale, should be measured at just value by being discounted at the present value to reflect the clip value of money.All of this could be summarised up in diaries as follows- if we assume a price reduction rate 10 % for mensurating the clip value of money.1st November 2000Dr Cash 2000( Bing the reception of hard currency )Cr Deferred Income 2000( Bing monies received in progress of the sale being recognised and so deferred income )1st February 2001Dr Deferred Income 2000( To unclutter out the brought f orward deferred income history )Dr Cash 10000( Bing the reception of hard currency )Dr Receivable 6612( Measured at present value with a price reduction rate of say 10 % 8000/1.12 )Cr Deferred Income 1000( In regard of the monies received in progress for the three-year service understanding )Cr Sales/Revenue 17612( Gross in regard of the auto reconciliation figure )Example 3On 1st December in the current twelvemonth, an lucre expire agent accepts a payment by recognition broadside of $ 1000 in regard of a hotel engagement for the undermentioned February. The travel agent confirms the engagement and issues the client with an appropriate reception. In due class, the cyberspace travel agent will pay $ 900 to the hotel.Having received $ 100 from the client ( Dr Cash $ 1000 ) , the cyberspace travel agent proposes to instantly recognize $ 1000 as gross in the current twelvemonth ( Dr Gross saless $ 1000 ) .It will so enter the liability to pay the hotel ( Cr liability $ 900 ) and co mplete the dual entry by posting this as an disbursal ( Dr Expense $ 900 ) , the cyberspace travel agent has a fiscal twelvemonth terminal of 31st December.RequiredRede the cyberspace travel agent on the right accounting intervention for this dealing.Answer to illustration 3It appears that the cyberspace travel agent has so acted as merely an agent and non as a principal. All it has done is to supply an debut. It has non really been responsible for the proviso of a bed for dark.The gross that it should recognize, hence, should be confined to the delegacy that is due. This is merely $ 100. This earned on 1st December and can be recognised as a liability.When you can reason that the proposed accounting intervention does non, in fact, really overdraw net income, it is still misdirecting as it would give the insouciant reader an feeling that the degrees of activity in the company were higher than they really are.To sum up in journal signifier, the right intervention is Dr Cash 1000( B ing the banking of the hard currency received )Cr Revenue/Sales 100( Bing the committee earned as an agent )Cr Hotel Creditor 900( Bing the liability to pay money over to the hotel )Specific state of affairssBill and keep agreementsIt is referred to the contract for the supply of goods, where the purchaser accepts rubric to the goods but does non take physical bringing of the point until a ulterior day of the month. Provided the goods are available for bringing, the purchaser gives expressed instructions to detain bringing and there are no changes to the footings on which the marketer usually trades with the purchaser, gross should recognize when the purchaser accepts rubric.Payments for goods in progress ( e.g. sedimentations )Gross should be recognised when the bringing of the goods to the purchaser takes topographic point. Until so, any payments in progress should handle as liabilities.Payments for goods by episodesGross is recognised when the important hazards and wagess of the ownership have been transferred, which is normally when the bringing is made. If the consequence of the clip value of money is material, the sale monetary value should be discounted to its present value.Sale or return roundtimes goods are delivered to the client but the client can return within a certain clip period. Gross is usually recognised when the goods are delivered.Gross should so be reduced by an estimation of the return. In most instances a marketer can gauge return from the past experience. For illustration, a retail merchant would cognize on mean what per centum of goods are returned after a twelvemonth terminal and could set gross by the sum of expected returns.Presentation of gross as a principal or as agentThe chief supplies the goods or services on its ain history, while the agent receive a fee or committee for set uping proviso of goods and services by the principal. The principal is exposed to the hazard and wagess of the dealing and therefore records gross as gro ss sum receivable. The agent merely records the committee receivable on the dealing as gross. An illustration would be a decorative agent who earns committee on the figure of decorative sold. The agent owns no stock list, so is non exposed to obsolescence and therefore could merely enter committee as its gross. The decorative is exposed to the stock list obsolescence and merchandising monetary value alterations, so would enter the gross sum of the sale as gross.Separation and linking of contractual agreementsSometimes concern provide a figure of goods and services to client as a bundle. For illustration, a client might buy pile together with regular ascents for one twelvemonth. The job here is whether the sale is one dealing or two separate minutess.A Package such as this can merely be treated as more than one separate dealing, if to each one merchandise or service is capable of being sold independently and if a dependable just value can be assigned to each separate constituent. U sing the illustration above, if support service is an optional supernumerary and the package can be operated without it, the sale is two ( or more ) separate minutess. If the sale is one dealing and the sum of gross recognised depends on the effect to which the marketer has performed at the coverage day of the month.Disclosure demand of IAS-18Harmonizing to IAS-18 an entity should unwrapIts accounting policies for gross including the methods adopted to find the phase of completion of service dealing.The sum of each important class of gross recognised during the period.The sum if gross originating from exchange of goods and servicesAssetss and liability supposed account for gross acknowledgmentThe gross recognised demands in IAS-18 central point on the happening of the critical events instead than alterations in assets and liabilities. Some believe that this attack leads to debits and credits that do non run into the meet the definition of assets and liabilities being recognised i n the statement of the fiscal place.The International Financial Reporting Standard Board has developed two attacks to implement the plus and liability theoretical accountThe far value ( measuring ) theoretical account, in which public presentation duty are ab initio measured at just value.The client consideration theoretical account, in which public presentation duty are ab initio measured by apportioning the client consideration sum.It is likely that neither of these will be the concluding theoretical account and the concluding criterion is expected to be drawn from both of them.Failings under IAS-18A practical failing of IAS-18 is that ir gives deficient counsel on contract that provides more than one goods or services to the client. It is ill-defined when the contracts should be divided into constituents and how much gross should be ascribable to each constituent. IFRS ( International Financial Reporting Standard Board ) often receives petitions for counsel on the application of IAS-18.Since IAS-18 was originally issued, concerns and dealing have become much more complex. For illustration, computing machine companies often enter into swap minutess. Minutess may include options, for illustration, to purchase portions or to return goods within a specified clip.Some entities have exploited the failings in IAS-18 in order to unnaturally heighten gross ( a practical sometimes called aggressive net incomes direction ) . For illustration, some package companies recognise gross revenues when order are made, good before it isReasonably certain that hard currency will be received.The chief issue is one of timing. At what point in a dealing should an entity recognise gross?Three inquiries can be helpful in covering with an curious dealing or state of affairsWhen is the critical event ? This is the point at which most or all of the uncertainness environing a dealing is removed.Has the marketer really performed? Transaction that gives rise to the gross are lawfully c ontractual agreements, irrespective of whether a formal contract exists. Gross can merely be recognised when an entity has performed its duties under the contract. For illustration, an entity can non recognize gross at the clip that it receives payment in progress.Has the dealing increased the entity s net assets/equity? For illustration, when an entity makes a sale, its assets addition, because it has receivable ( entree to future economic benefits in the signifier of hard currency ) . Therefore it recognises a addition. This is one of the chief principal in the standard model.Current Developments in Revenue RecognitionThe progress of International Financial Reporting Standard have been doing steady advancement since July 2010 to re-deliberate the proposed counsel and have finalized their re-liberations on central gross measuring and acknowledgment issues. Some of the more important determinations to day of the month includeClarifying when public presentation duties are distingui shable.Confirming that offers to supply goods or services that the client can supply to its client are public presentation duties.Clarifying the standards for when public presentation duties are satisfied over clip.Retaining the proposals associating to the usance of a residuary attack to gauge the standalone merchandising monetary value of a public presentation duty.Removing the demand to measure burdensome public presentation duties.Retaining the demand to account for clip value of money in contracts with a important funding constituent.Clarifying the aim of the restraint on acknowledging gross from variant consideration taking the exclusion for licences of rational belongings where payments vary based on the client s subsequent gross revenues ( for illustration, sales-based royalties ) .Retaining the demand to capitalise contract acquisition costs if they are incremental and recoverable.Confirming collectability is non a threshold for gross acknowledgment and holding that initi al and subsequent damages of client receivables should be presented as a separate disbursal point in the statement of comprehensive income.Agring that a licence is either a promise to supply a right which transportations at a point in clip or a promise to supply entree to rational belongings which transfers benefits to the client over clip andDeciding on revelations, passage, and effectual day of the month for public companies and non-public companies.The International Financial Reporting Standard substantively concluded re-deliberations of their joint 2011 exposure bill poster of exchange, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in February 2013. The boards reached determinations on the staying cardinal issues including revelations, passage, and effectual day of the month at their most recent meetings.The boards timeline indicates the concluding criterion is expected in the second one-fourth of 2013. The criterion will be effectual for the first interim period within one-year cov erage periods get downing on or after January 1, 2017. Entities will hold the option to use the concluding criterion retrospectively or utilize a simplified passage method. An entity will non fictionalise prior periods if it uses the simplified method.Detailss of these determinations, every bit good as a comprehensive expression at the theoretical account at the terminal of the cardinal re-deliberations, are included in this Data line. Any staying sweep or new issues identified by the boards will be discussed at future board meetings, as needed.

Chern’s Chapter 1

Cherns Chapter 1 Process (Short-term) Goals * Attract enough applicants to fulfill staffing requirements of 15 new stores a socio-economic class plus new vacancies in existing stores. * Attract enough internal candidates to promote bonkrs within. * Obey laws and company policy. * Staff efficiently. * Staff effectively. Outcome (Long-term) Goals * Hire gross revenue associates with quality client service skills. * Hire candidates with potential to be promoted to management. * Retain stable turnover rates. Use strong cash flow and conservative debt policies to have kittens markets and create stronger shareholder value. * Increase diversity. * Continue consistent annual increase. * Rank higher on Fortune magazines top 100 better companies to work for. * Enhance information-technology. Cherns has maintained a strong business strategy and culture throughout the growth of the company. In continuing this growth, it is recommended that Cherns manage practical and necessary goals over th e course of staffing.In the immediate future, the company should focus on attracting enough applicants to fill the opening sales associates positions. With the goal of opening 15 stores a year, the company will need to hire approximately 1,875 sales associates per year, not including ones needed to fill opening in existing stores. A prodigious amount of internal candidates, approximately 255, will be needed to promote within and fill the management positions in the up and coming stores.Cherns prides itself to be high quality which makes following laws and company policy necessary for continuing its strong culture. Superior customer service has helped to differentiate it from the competition which makes staffing efficiently, the highest quality of customer service, necessary to uphold the main business strategy. Finally, effective staffing will be necessary to fill all the vacancies and continue Cherns growth rate.

Risk Management Failures of British Petroleum

BP is a British global energy company which is the third largest energy company and the twenty-five percent largest company in the world. As a multinational vegetable oil colour company, BP is the UKs largest confederacy, with its headquarters in St Jamess, City of Westminster, London. BP Americas headquarters is in the One Westlake Park in the heartiness Corridor area of Houston, Texas the company is among the largest private empyrean energy corporations in the world, and one of the six leaders.In order to project social responsibility and improve its image British Petroleum changed its name into BP in category 2000 with a logo of green and yellow sunflower patterns. Paradoxically the same company symbol is now down the stairs derision and the object of controversial attacks from environmentalists and detrimental court slips. The companys predicament further worsened when it was listed as one of the ten worst corporations during the year 2001 and 2006. In fact, BP and it s competitors Royal Dutch-Shell were considered by activists to be responsible with the threatening phenomenon of climate change.BP was warned before the oil vacuum tubeline leak happened in Alaska, but no exe deale was made by the amplyer officials to diminish its possible occurrence and reduce injurys. In March 2005, BPs Texas City, Texas refinery, one of its largest refineries, exploded create 15 deaths, injuring 180 muckle and forcing thousands of nearby residents to remain sheltered in their homes. A large column filled with hydrocarbon overflowed to form a vapor cloud, which ignited. The explosion caused all the casualties and substantial damage to the rest of the plant.The incident came as the shutting of a series of less serious accidents at the refinery, and the engineering problems were not addressed by the management. Maintenance and safe at the plant had been cut as a cost-saving measure, the responsibility ultimately resting with executives in London. The fall -out from the accident continues to cloud BPs corporate image because of the mismanagement at the plant. in that respect keep back been several investigations of the disaster, the most modern being that from the U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board which offered a derisive evaluation of the company.The US occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ready organizational and safety deficiencies at all levels of the BP Corporation and said management failures could be traced from Texas to London. The company pleaded guilty to a felony violation of the Clean Air Act, was fined $50 million, and sentenced to three years probation. On October 30, 2009, OSHA fined BP an additional $87 million the largest fine in OSHA history for failing to class safety hazards revealed in the 2005 explosion. Inspectors found 270 safety violations that had been previously cited but not fixed and 439 new violations.BP is appealing that fine. In August 2006, BP shut down oil opera tions in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, due to corrosion in pipelines leading up to the Alaska Pipeline. The swell were leaking insulating agent called Arctic pack, consisting of crude oil and diesel fuel, between the wells and ice. BP had verbalizeed over one million liters of oil in Alaskas North Slope. This corrosion is caused by sediment collecting in the bottom of the pipe, protecting corrosive bacterium from chemicals sent through the pipeline to difference of opinion this bacteria.There are estimates that more or less 5000 pose (790 m3) of oil were released from the pipeline. To date 1513 barrels (240. 5 m3) of liquids, about(predicate) 5200 cubic yards (4000 m3) of soiled beguile and 328 cubic yards (251 m3) of soiled gravel down been recover. After approval from the DOT, only the easterly portion of the playing field was shut down, resulting in a reduction of 200000 barrels per day (32000 m3/d) until work began to bring the eastern field to full production on 2 October 200 6.In May 2007, the company announced another partial field shutdown owing to leaks of water at a separation plant. Their action was interpreted as another example of fallout from a decision to cut maintenance of the pipeline and associated facilities. On 16 October 2007 Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation officials reported a toxic spill of methanol (methyl alcohol) at the Prudhoe Bay oil field managed by BP PLC. Nearly 2,000 gallons of loosely methanol, mixed with around crude oil and water, spilled onto a frozen tundra pond as well as a gravel pad from a pipeline.Methanol, which is unhealthful to plants and animals, is used to clear ice from the insides of the Arctic-based pipelines. From January 2006 to January 2008, three thespians were killed at the companys Texas City, Texas refinery in three separate accidents. In July 2006 a worker was crushed between a pipe stack and mechanical lift, in June 2007, a worker was electrocuted, and in January 2008, a worker was killed by a 500-pound peck of metal that came loose under high pressure and hit him.On April 1 2009, a Bond Offshore Helicopters Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma ferrying workers from BPs platform in the Miller oilfield in the North sea off Scotland crashed in good weather killing all 16 on board. On April 20, 2010, a semi-submersible preliminary offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded after a blowout and sank two days later, killing eleven people and causing a massive oil spill threatening the coast of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, and Florida. The rig is owned and operated by Transocean Ltd on behalf of BP, which is the majority owner of the oil field.The company before estimated the size of the leak at about 1,000 barrels a day but later accepted government estimates of a leak of at to the lowest degree 5000 barrels per day. On April 30, BP stated that it would mail all of its resources to battle the oil spill, spending $7 million a day with its partners t o try to contain the disaster. BP was slip awayning the well without a remote avow shut-off switch used in two other major oil-producing nations, Brazil and Norway, as a last dawdle protection against underwater spills. The use of such(prenominal) devices is not mandated by U.S. regulators. The U. S. Government gave the responsibility of the incident to BP and depart hold it accountable for costs incurred in containing the situation. On May 11, 2010, Congress called the executives of BP, Transocean, and Halliburton to a consultation regarding the oil spill. When probed for answers regarding the events leading up to the explosion, each company blamed the other. BP blamed Transocean who owned the rig, who then blamed the operators of the rig, BP. They too blamed Halliburton, who built the well casing.Coming to go bad BPs happen management, it is noted first that BP organization employs the systems of centralized direction and decentralized implementation. The centralized direc tion system was intentional to attain business goals and designs. The company unifies the corporation by implementing strategic objectives, values, behaviors and standards to be performed and easily understood by their people. On the other hand the systematic objective of BP is decentralized implementation of its operations in order to deliver the best quality of products or services and satisfy the gather ups of the consumers.The decentralized implementation covered three business segments namely exploration and Production, The Gas, Power and Renewable and Refining and Market. As is well known, procedures and controls are a necessary condition for effective danger management, but not a capable one. A companys standards and processes go away fail if employees do not feel empowered to follow the standards during propagation of stress or they fear retaliation for reporting unwanted information. Reading the report of BP and other esources at my disposal I bring forth found that how move of BPs civilisation may have tolerated shortened safety procedures as they fell behind investment schedules and other deadlines. For example, the company cut short a procedure involving drilling fluid that is designed to detect gas in the well and skipped a quality test of the cement around the pipe (another fender against gas) despite BPs report decision that there were signs of problems with the cement job and despite a warning from the cement contractor company.The experts also concluded that there was not a strong culture of communication across its own team leaders and partner companies. Having multiple players can restrict access to exact knowledge and slow decision-making processes to a weighty point. Nor did there appear to be a culture where managers were expected to seek out or share perverse information from a different perspective. These cultural elements allowed issues to continue without the application of comprehensive expertise.It seems to be necessa ry adding more controls, more checks and balances, with auditable endangerment management processes new nominal standards, and increased self-audits. While some criteria and thresholds did not exist prior to the accident, it is unclear whether the lack of these controls and audit mechanisms directly caused the accident itself Companies are not able to only if shift operational or reputational danger to a partner, subcontractor, or supplier. Presumably, BP had in place significant and comprehensive controls and contractual requirements for its contractors and other service providers.However, questions remain about whether these contractual requirements were actually implemented, assessed, and monitored by BP. Anyway, happen management referred to in this paper are the activities related to managing an organization that integrates recognition of encounter, jeopardize assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and temperance of jeopardy using managerial resources. Its un problematic objective is to reduce the different risks related to threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and politics.Firms usually formulate strategies in order to manage or mitigate risk by transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk. BP must(prenominal)(prenominal) apply risk management in its corporate financing as the technique for measuring, monitoring and controlling the pecuniary or operational risk on the firm. The commonly used framework breaks risks into grocery store risk (price risk), credit risk and operational risk and also specifies methods for calculating capital requirements for each of these components.In enterprise risk management, a risk is defined as a possible event or circumstance that can have negative influences on the survival of a company. Its impact can be on the very existence, the resources (human and capital), the products and services, or the customers of the enterprise, as well as external impacts on society, foodstuffs, or the environment. In a financial institution, enterprise risk management is commonly thought of as the combination of credit risk, interest rate risk or asset liability management, market risk, and operational risk.All risks can never be fully avoided or mitigated simply because of financial and practical limitations. Therefore all organizations have to accept some level of residual risks. In the case of BP, the following must also be undertaken in addition and consideration of those discussed above. Firstly, it is of major importance to planning how risk management will be conducted must be undertaken in this regard the plan must include risk management tasks, responsibilities, activities and budget.Secondly, managers responsible for BP will administer a risk officer who will be responsible for foreseeing potential problems. In this respect, it is impor tant also to maintain the risk database and each risk should have an opening date, a title, a brief description, a probability and a suggestion of importance. Once potential sources of risk have been identified, it will also need preparing a plan for reducing the risk (mitigation plan) for risks that are chosen to be mitigated.In this regard, it is well known that the purpose of the mitigation plan is to describe how this particular risk will be handled what, when, by who and how will it be done to avoid it or minimize consequences if it becomes a liability. BP, in a perspective of reducing the risks depict above in the long run as well as in order to optimize and reduce the resources used for that purpose, must eventually summarizing think and faced risks, effectiveness of mitigation activities, and campaign spent for the risk management.Risk Management Failures of British PetroleumBP is a British global energy company which is the third largest energy company and the fourth la rgest company in the world. As a multinational oil company, BP is the UKs largest corporation, with its headquarters in St Jamess, City of Westminster, London. BP Americas headquarters is in the One Westlake Park in the Energy Corridor area of Houston, Texas the company is among the largest private sector energy corporations in the world, and one of the six leaders.In order to project social responsibility and improve its image British Petroleum changed its name into BP in year 2000 with a logo of green and yellow sunflower patterns. Paradoxically the same company symbol is now under derision and the object of controversial attacks from environmentalists and damaging court cases. The companys predicament further worsened when it was listed as one of the ten worst corporations during the year 2001 and 2006. In fact, BP and its competitors Royal Dutch-Shell were considered by activists to be responsible with the threatening phenomenon of climate change.BP was warned before the oil pip eline leak happened in Alaska, but no action was made by the higher officials to mitigate its possible occurrence and reduce damages. In March 2005, BPs Texas City, Texas refinery, one of its largest refineries, exploded causing 15 deaths, injuring 180 people and forcing thousands of nearby residents to remain sheltered in their homes. A large column filled with hydrocarbon overflowed to form a vapor cloud, which ignited. The explosion caused all the casualties and substantial damage to the rest of the plant.The incident came as the culmination of a series of less serious accidents at the refinery, and the engineering problems were not addressed by the management. Maintenance and safety at the plant had been cut as a cost-saving measure, the responsibility ultimately resting with executives in London. The fall-out from the accident continues to cloud BPs corporate image because of the mismanagement at the plant. There have been several investigations of the disaster, the most recent being that from the U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board which offered a derisive evaluation of the company.The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) found organizational and safety deficiencies at all levels of the BP Corporation and said management failures could be traced from Texas to London. The company pleaded guilty to a felony violation of the Clean Air Act, was fined $50 million, and sentenced to three years probation. On October 30, 2009, OSHA fined BP an additional $87 million the largest fine in OSHA history for failing to correct safety hazards revealed in the 2005 explosion. Inspectors found 270 safety violations that had been previously cited but not fixed and 439 new violations.BP is appealing that fine. In August 2006, BP shut down oil operations in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, due to corrosion in pipelines leading up to the Alaska Pipeline. The wells were leaking insulating agent called Arctic pack, consisting of crude oil and diesel fuel , between the wells and ice. BP had spilled over one million liters of oil in Alaskas North Slope. This corrosion is caused by sediment collecting in the bottom of the pipe, protecting corrosive bacteria from chemicals sent through the pipeline to fight this bacteria.There are estimates that about 5000 barrels (790 m3) of oil were released from the pipeline. To date 1513 barrels (240. 5 m3) of liquids, about 5200 cubic yards (4000 m3) of soiled snow and 328 cubic yards (251 m3) of soiled gravel have been recovered. After approval from the DOT, only the eastern portion of the field was shut down, resulting in a reduction of 200000 barrels per day (32000 m3/d) until work began to bring the eastern field to full production on 2 October 2006.In May 2007, the company announced another partial field shutdown owing to leaks of water at a separation plant. Their action was interpreted as another example of fallout from a decision to cut maintenance of the pipeline and associated facilities. On 16 October 2007 Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation officials reported a toxic spill of methanol (methyl alcohol) at the Prudhoe Bay oil field managed by BP PLC. Nearly 2,000 gallons of mostly methanol, mixed with some crude oil and water, spilled onto a frozen tundra pond as well as a gravel pad from a pipeline.Methanol, which is poisonous to plants and animals, is used to clear ice from the insides of the Arctic-based pipelines. From January 2006 to January 2008, three workers were killed at the companys Texas City, Texas refinery in three separate accidents. In July 2006 a worker was crushed between a pipe stack and mechanical lift, in June 2007, a worker was electrocuted, and in January 2008, a worker was killed by a 500-pound piece of metal that came loose under high pressure and hit him.On April 1 2009, a Bond Offshore Helicopters Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma ferrying workers from BPs platform in the Miller oilfield in the North Sea off Scotland crashed in good weather killing all 16 on board. On April 20, 2010, a semi-submersible exploratory offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded after a blowout and sank two days later, killing eleven people and causing a massive oil spill threatening the coast of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, and Florida. The rig is owned and operated by Transocean Ltd on behalf of BP, which is the majority owner of the oil field.The company originally estimated the size of the leak at about 1,000 barrels a day but later accepted government estimates of a leak of at least 5000 barrels per day. On April 30, BP stated that it would harness all of its resources to battle the oil spill, spending $7 million a day with its partners to try to contain the disaster. BP was footrace the well without a remote control shut-off switch used in two other major oil-producing nations, Brazil and Norway, as a last resort protection against underwater spills. The use of such devices is not mandated by U.S. regulato rs. The U. S. Government gave the responsibility of the incident to BP and will hold it accountable for costs incurred in containing the situation. On May 11, 2010, Congress called the executives of BP, Transocean, and Halliburton to a hearing regarding the oil spill. When probed for answers regarding the events leading up to the explosion, each company blamed the other. BP blamed Transocean who owned the rig, who then blamed the operators of the rig, BP. They also blamed Halliburton, who built the well casing.Coming to analyze BPs risk management, it is noted first that BP organization employs the systems of centralized direction and decentralized implementation. The centralized direction system was designed to attain business goals and objectives. The company unifies the corporation by implementing strategic objectives, values, behaviors and standards to be performed and easily understood by their people. On the other hand the systematic objective of BP is decentralized implementa tion of its operations in order to deliver the best quality of products or services and satisfy the needs of the consumers.The decentralized implementation covered three business segments namely Exploration and Production, The Gas, Power and Renewable and Refining and Market. As is well known, procedures and controls are a necessary condition for effective risk management, but not a sufficient one. A companys standards and processes will fail if employees do not feel empowered to follow the standards during times of stress or they fear retaliation for reporting unwanted information. Reading the report of BP and other esources at my disposal I have found that how parts of BPs culture may have tolerated shortened safety procedures as they fell behind investment schedules and other deadlines. For example, the company cut short a procedure involving drilling fluid that is designed to detect gas in the well and skipped a quality test of the cement around the pipe (another buffer against gas) despite BPs report finding that there were signs of problems with the cement job and despite a warning from the cement contractor company.The experts also concluded that there was not a strong culture of communication across its own team leaders and partner companies. Having multiple players can restrict access to critical knowledge and slow decision-making processes to a dangerous point. Nor did there appear to be a culture where managers were expected to seek out or share contrary information from a different perspective. These cultural elements allowed issues to continue without the application of comprehensive expertise.It seems to be necessary adding more controls, more checks and balances, with auditable risk management processes new minimum standards, and increased self-audits. While some criteria and thresholds did not exist prior to the accident, it is unclear whether the lack of these controls and audit mechanisms directly caused the accident itself Companies are not able to entirely shift operational or reputational risk to a partner, subcontractor, or supplier. Presumably, BP had in place significant and comprehensive controls and contractual requirements for its contractors and other service providers.However, questions remain about whether these contractual requirements were actually implemented, assessed, and monitored by BP. Anyway, risk management referred to in this paper are the activities related to managing an organization that integrates recognition of risk, risk assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. Its primary objective is to reduce the different risks related to threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and politics.Firms usually formulate strategies in order to manage or mitigate risk by transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk. BP must apply risk management in its corporate financing as the technique for measuring, monitoring and controlling the financial or operational risk on the firm. The commonly used framework breaks risks into market risk (price risk), credit risk and operational risk and also specifies methods for calculating capital requirements for each of these components.In enterprise risk management, a risk is defined as a possible event or circumstance that can have negative influences on the survival of a company. Its impact can be on the very existence, the resources (human and capital), the products and services, or the customers of the enterprise, as well as external impacts on society, markets, or the environment. In a financial institution, enterprise risk management is normally thought of as the combination of credit risk, interest rate risk or asset liability management, market risk, and operational risk.All risks can never be fully avoided or mitigated simply because of financi al and practical limitations. Therefore all organizations have to accept some level of residual risks. In the case of BP, the following must also be undertaken in addition and consideration of those discussed above. Firstly, it is of major importance to planning how risk management will be conducted must be undertaken in this regard the plan must include risk management tasks, responsibilities, activities and budget.Secondly, managers responsible for BP will assign a risk officer who will be responsible for foreseeing potential problems. In this respect, it is important also to maintain the risk database and each risk should have an opening date, a title, a brief description, a probability and a suggestion of importance. Once potential sources of risk have been identified, it will also need preparing a plan for reducing the risk (mitigation plan) for risks that are chosen to be mitigated.In this regard, it is well known that the purpose of the mitigation plan is to describe how this particular risk will be handled what, when, by who and how will it be done to avoid it or minimize consequences if it becomes a liability. BP, in a perspective of reducing the risks described above in the long run as well as in order to optimize and reduce the resources used for that purpose, must eventually summarizing planned and faced risks, effectiveness of mitigation activities, and effort spent for the risk management.

Essay for Santa Monica

I have attended Salesman Demised University and graduated with a Bachelor Degree of Mechanical Engineering on July 3rd 2009. Before graduating, I manage to attend an internship in a manufacturing company that specializes in the auto industry of my field. Throughout my experience in this company, I saw that my side wasnt close enough to drop dead with other business people who visited our company when they ask question about our product and I couldnt explain to them better.Therefore, I decided to espouse to America to study English professionally because I learn from experience that English language Is the common point everywhere I go. It Is use to communicate to everyone especially In my career. If I learn to speak fluently, I can communicate better with the people In the Industry of mechanical engineering and unitedly with other nationality. Coming to America for the first time In my life, I was enrolled In the IF International Language School.I have enjoyed the school but Its t o Like donnish program where I can actually study more seriously compare to IF International School. So I visited few colleges in Los Angles area and I found out about El Camino College and I asked few students who study in the campus about the English program. And I was told that Santa Monica College has a great learning for English program in Los Angles. Then I visited Santa Monica campus and I saw the difference. I like the atmosphere of the campus and its very close to the beach.There are also many incompatible nationalities that I saw who attended Santa Monica College and they all say that it has good credibility to transfer too university. Once I finish learning professional English, I also would like to do Business Administration so I can expand my parents family business globally. Therefore, I would like to apply for your college to fulfill my dreams. If I will be given a chance to attend your school institution, it will be a big dream comes true for me and my family who s upport me from a thousand miles away. I will be one of the happiest person from the country of Turkey.

José Rizal’s University Years Essay

Fortunately, Rizals first romance, with its bitter disillusionment,did not adversely affect his studies in the University of Santo Tomas.His love for higher study proved to be greater than his love for apretty girl. After finishing the first year of the course in Philosophy andLetters (1877-780), he transferred to a medical course. During theyear of his studies in the university, which was under the Dominicans,rival education of the Jusuits, he remained loyal to Ateneo, where hecontinued to participate in extra curricular activities and where hecompleted the education course in surveying. As a Thomasian, he wonmore literary laurels, had more romances with girls, and foughtagainst Spanish students. Mothers position to higher education.After graduation withthe highest position in Ateneo, Rizal had to go the University of Santo Tomas in order to prepare him self to a cloak-and-dagger career. The Bachelor of arts degree during Spanish times was equivalent to a high schooldiploma today. It merely qualified its holder to enter a university. BothDon Francisco and Paciano that Jose should pursue a higher learning.But Dona Teodora did not want him to study more. Evidently she had apremonition that to much knowledge would imperil his child life.In a family council in the Rizals home in Calamba, shevigorously objected to induct her beloved Jose acquired a highereducation. She was thinking of the safety of her son. She know thefate of Filipino intellectuals-Father Burgos, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor,Jose Ma. Basa, and others of 1872-who were either executed or exiledby the Spanish authorities, and blamed their sad fate to their learning.

Critical Analysis: Death and Justice by Edward Kotch Essay

In his move with regard to capital punishment entitled Death and Justice, which first appeared in The New Republic on April 15, 1985, Edward I. Koch aggressively refutes the claims of individuals who are opposed to the subject matter with sevener firm and satisfying points. A native of New York, natural 1924, Koch was an American lawyer, politician, political commentator and a reality television arbitrator. He earned his law degree in 1948 from New York University and practiced law in New York City for some two decades thereafter. He was a member of the U.S Ho employment of Representatives, serving from 1969 to 1977 and in the later year, he was then select as New York mayor, holding the post until 1990. With such a strong and wide variety in terms of line of execute, it is my belief that his great deals communicated in this essay by instruction of his, logical, ethical and rational appeal are salubrious up-thought out and unbiased. Unbiased or impartial, if you will, due t o the feature that with the re moreovertal style in which the command was written, the opposing claims would first have to be identified and evaluated before generating an objecting response.See more how to write a scathing analysis essay step by stepThe piece of work in my opinion achieves its purpose and is well organized by use of logos, pathos and ethos, thus influencing a successful but indeed controversial essay. As menti one(a)d in my introductory paragraph, the essay is carefully structured into seven sturdy points in which each, Koch identifies the claims of his opponents followed by his rebuttal arguments. This makes the piece a lot easier to follow and interpret, then making his arguments extremely clear and concise. This also influences the reviewers to grasp a better knowledge of his position hence increasing the probability of reader agreement.In this logical system of ideas, each argument is further justified by the use of analogies, if, then statements, statist ics, stories and the use of credible sources (experts, scholars). Some passim the school text take place as follows in his first refutation in which he rejects the statement that the death penalty is barbaric and draws and analogy between malignant neoplastic disease and murder. It is my view that this was an extremely effective strategy utilize by Koch as analogies encourage participation and increases understanding of anunfamiliar topic by comparing it to something that is quite an familiar in his third refutation where Koch refutes the opinion of the opponent that an innocent person might be executed by mistake. By manner of statistics he proved that this was never the case. He cited a study of 7,000 executions in the USA from 1893 to 1971, and concludes that the records fail to show that such cases occur. Statistics ultimately speak for themselves, needing no further illuminance hence why their use is extremely influential and in this case, utterly persuasive.This was a gr eat execution in the area of logos which totally snub the opposing claim without a doubt. Remarkably Koch does not end that particular argument there but rather continues by establishing truth and developing such truth by examples. He says Human life deserves special protection and one of the best ways to guarantee that protection is to assure that convicted murderers do not kill again. He then proceeds by providing an example, and in this case, of an unexecuted recidivist murderer named Lemuel Smith who was sentenced to about six years life sentence.This was right Why you may ask? This aforesaid(prenominal) murderer then killed a woman corrections officer. Additional life sentences for Smith, according to Koch are meaningless. It is my view that examples reiterate and re-enforce a c at one timept or thought, in this case the earlier provided statistic. This example provided also provoked ones rational thinking and critical reasoning hence increasing the probability that readers are inclined to agree with Koch and his position in his fourth refutation where he refuted that capital punishment cheapens the appreciate of human life.In his immaculate use of if, then statements, Koch says if we lower the penalty for rape, we lower our view or regard for the victims suffering, humiliation and personal integrity. In the same instance, by exacting the highest penalty for murder, we then affirm the highest value of human life, which influences logical reasoning and critical thinking, both forms and arts of rhetoric used to persuade intellectually (logos). To conclude my first point, it is my view that the essay did in fact follow a logical system of ideas by way of seven clear points. from each one point was further justified by use of rhetorical strategies to make the argument much more understandable as well as believable. It is safe to say that Kochs essay was particularly powerful where logos is concerned. Throughout the text, despite not in abundance, there is in fact some sense of emotional appeal (pathos). Although Kochs primary tone throughout the piece is aggressive, he distinctively manages to appeal to our emotions in some contexts. For example, once more, take his fourth refutation where he refuted that capital punishment cheapens the value of human life.He uses rape, a genuinely emotional and touchy topic for whatsoever individual within our society, and basically goes on further to state that if we lower the penalty for rape, we lower our view or regard for the victims suffering, humiliation and personal integrity. His use of connotation with words such as victims suffering, horrible experience, humiliation and increased danger invoked a feeling sympathy for the victim and the situation by the way it appealed to the heart and to ones emotion. Rape is in fact a terrible occurrence for which sympathy is usually given to the victim.It is my belief that Koch deliberately seized the opportunity to demand the readers emotional atte ntion by evoking a sense of pity or sympathy in his efforts for us to conceptualize and agree with his point. Very peachy move Given the background information provided in my initial paragraph, it is implied that Koch is a credible source. This was an underlying establishment of ethos. Throughout the text, his tone suggests authority as well as credibility. He was a lawyer, a TV judge, a politician and a mayor. He was a well-rounded scholar with a diverse work history.It is of my opinion that he has dealt with a variety of different cases on a wide spectrum of practice. The area of ethos is therefore implied. Although for the most part, the ethos is in fact underlying by way of his background information, throughout the text you can still witness hints of his authority. Take for example, in his fourth refutation he ridicules his critics, one in particular, treasure Breslin by calling his statement regarding capital punishment sophistic nonsense. Not only is this satire but establi shment of authority by way of discrediting others opinion.This in fact was effective as it shows that Koch has in fact done his research regarding what his critics have said thus establishing him as a bank and unbiased source. Another example can be found in his sixth refutation, where he makes reference to the bible, he establishes credibility by introducing us to the superior thinkers of the 19th century Kant, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Mill who all agreed that natural law properly authorized the sovereign to take life in order to free justice.According to philpapers. org, an online research philosophy engine it can be said they were all well-known philosophers who are considered to be central figures of modern philosophy. Name-dropping is one of the easiest ways to persuade an audience as the majority of us human beings tend to follow the way in which famous people ranging from celebrities to scholars, think. This then influences the way society thinks hence m y belief that the use of credible sources in this instance was impeccable.Within the same argument (the sixth refutation), I also noticed that it was not biased or unfair as he includes that Jeremy Bentham, another great philosopher, was ambivalent to the claims of the others. He does not leave out any information hence making the argument fair and believable, which in turn establishes his credibility and believability. He then goes on to establish additional credibility by revealing names of other scholars (Washington, Jefferson and Franklin) who endorsed the claim.This was effective in persuading us as the readers to understand and accept his point of view. Death and Justice is an effectively-written essay which judiciously rebuts the claims of individuals opposed to the capital punishment. Each paragraph within the essay is well-thought out and organized effectively. With the use of logos, pathos and subliminal forms of ethos, Koch immaculately achieves his purpose of persuading the readers to conceptualize, understand and agree with his claims and opinions regarding the death penalty.Although Koch ridicules the opponent throughout some exerts of the text, the readers are still able to grasp his aggressive and almost certainly serious tone. It is my opinion that the argument presented was unbiased and impartial, taking into the consideration the rebuttal style in which it was written. This piece of writing has not, and will definitely not be limited to the time in which it was written as the argument presented is very controversial, and in continued debate.

Injustice in the Adversarial System Essay

Donald Black discussed in his book The Behavior of Law, when a society begins to grow and become to a greater extent complex so does its licit outline. The United States delectations a carcass that may no longer be fit for handling all the complex problems it is face with. Society has come to learn with the rightness governance that right is very hard to find. The nature of the adversarial do may prevent it from reaching the unbowed goal of every legal form jurist.This writing argues that the system in place now is not the correct one for the stage society is in now. The adversarial process in place does not hunting for the core values of Justice and Truth its inadequacies create wrongdoings in the legal system. The legal system should prohibit its value of amiable at all cost and the methods it uses to achieve this outcome. This paper will not only shed light on the flaws in the legal system, but present oppositewise structures that may be intermit suited for the present stage of society.BlueprintA few brief critiques of the adversarial process imply that during a trial procedure both sides ar given the opportunity to present facts to the jury or examine, this throw ins attorneys to withhold evidence and benefit the side they represent. This confuses the courtrooms rather of elucidating the truth. wooings such as this should not be able to come to a wicked or not guilty verdict, because guilt drive outnot be buildn with a degree of accuracy (Meadow, 1996). Stratification in law does lead to inequality and perpetuates injustice in society.The procedure that is used in our wrong justice system has the ability to lead to a false vindication and create mistrust in the system. Bias in our legal system does lead to injustice. All of these factors do create injustice in our legal system by sending innocent people to prison and/or by letting convicted felons free. There are many theories in how to solve the problems with the adversarial process and the legal system in general, but society must change the way it reasons before anything cigarette actually change.History of Common Law and the Adversarial ProcessTo better understand the adversarial process it must first explain by its history and origins. Common law traffic pattern developed the adversarial process England adopted common law and made its practice known throughout the world. Legislators began codifying the law, this later became common law. It was written so that it could be taken by the court system. When the courts make a decision in how that law is to be applied it is preserved, and able to be used as a guidepost for other cases of the same nature. This proved to be a problem, decisions made by judges were storey on the customs of the time period, which became rigid and did not easy allow for change (Cantor, 1997). The English form of common law prohibited re initiation in court however, during the eighteenth century some courts where beginn ing to allow legal theatrical performance in English common law.Eventually as time progressed, the role legal representation, lawyers, would grow and be to a greater extent than(prenominal) influential in society. The part the Lawyers played in the court system would eventually be the aspect that separated the adversarial process implemented today in the United States from the processes in England. Law became more and more complex so the use of lawyers or professionals of the law was essential in American law making. New re look by Randolph N. Jonakait, New York Law School professor, suggests that the United States adopted an adversarial process that somewhat resembled the English model at the time.Besides the already mention use of lawyers, the U.S differed greatly from England, during the 18th century America had prosecution with a public defender present in the court room compared to no legal representation for the impeach in the English model. Also in New Jersey around the s ame time period, attorneys usually appeared for the prosecution and the defense which in England was rarely practiced. These findings face that the United States was a forerunner in the creation of the adversarial process that is present today (Jonakait, 2009).Search for TruthLawyers and Their TacticsOne of the main concepts of the adversarial system is the oppositional presentation of facts. The belief behind this is it will discover all truths to the matter. This leads to the conclusion of the first flaw that realistically everyone conglomerate in the case is not in search of the truth. Lawyers are more apt to hide the evidence that is not favorable to their side regardless of whether it would prove the innocence or guilt of the person on trial (Schroeder, 2012). Clients hire lawyers to win the economic state of the client is directly related to the skill level of the lawyer they can afford. Lawyers who are more big-ticket(prenominal) will use any simulated military operation necessary to ensure a win.The search for truth is not a key value its guardianship your client pleased, being the defendant or the state. Attorneys are known to use questionable tactics so that they have the best possibility of winning their case. These tactics include creating doubt in the jury of guilt or innocence, or even by hiding evidence from the jurors. The search for truth and the execution of justice cannot be fully performed if lawyers proceed to use unethical tactics.Solutions to the Hiding of EvidenceA purposed solution to hiding evidence can be demonstrated with a value demonstrated from the inquisitorial system, everyone in the court room works together in search for the truth and justice. The judges, or investigative magistrate, are dexterous in their profession, taking specific schooling about law making them a vital resource to the legal system. While court is proceeding the judge is allowed to ask questions to notice a case in order. Using a system that does no t glorify winning would care the hindering of evidence and other tactics being eradicated form the court room. Although, one flaw with this system is the judge is granted too much power and control over the proceeding, more justice is still found here searching for truth.Stratification in LawIt is proven that once arrested, black and minority defendants are fare worse in the criminal justice system than their white counter parts (Westervely & Humphrey, 115, 2008). This is due to racial social stratification in law and a bias based on race in convictions. Instrumentalist would say law is used to dominate groups, and is structured so that it can benefit certain groups by disadvantaging other groups, by allowing this to happen it perpetuates inequality (Bucher, 2012). Many minorities are unable to pay for legal representation in this situation the courts provide representation for them. This disadvantages minority individuals in low social class because they lack resources to secure a good lawyer, while uplifted social status clients are able to easily get down skilled lawyers.This perpetuates stratification because upper class individuals can evade the penalties of the legal system, unlike lower class individuals who cannot afford strong legal representation (Vago, 2012). red ink theorists would confirm that laws serve the interest of the upper class, and because they use them like a tool, keep the upper class in power. This reinforces inequality in society through the criminal justice system, because the upper class will always be able to have access to more resources they will also always use those resources against the lower class (Bucher, 2012).Process in Criminal JusticeIs Justice Served?The pressure felt in a case created by media and the public inwardness have the ability to cause investigations to be sped up. The endangers the adversarial process to make mistakes and possibly out of convenience and pressure convict the first person they think attac hed the crime. Once police officers make an arrest they tend to not pursue any other possible leads until the person they have in custody is proven to be innocent. This hurts the search for truth because officers become close minded and search only for evidence to convict that individual. Another factor that can deter the search for truth is false exculpations. False confessions, among other factors, are commonly created due to unethical interrogation tactics or confused eye witnesses attestation.A confession is one of the most powerful pieces of evidence that can be presented in court (Westervely & Humphrey, 36, 2008). Even if the confession is false, juries have been known to take into consideration testimony even when told not to. False confessions are usually given by suspects who are coerced, confused, have doubt in-self, or shame. All this can be attributed to the psychological games used by interrogators, intentional or unintentional (Gudjonsson, 1992). Can true justice be served when police use unethical tactics to get their confession? This is a question scholars who study ethics have pondered with for decades.Bias in LawThere are many principles to consider when a jury is deciding a verdict. Racial beliefs, media and number of factors can influence a jurys verdict (David F. Hall, 1984). Since each individual interprets the process of the trial differently it greatly influences the decision of case. The way society is socialized leads to certain bias to people of different races, genders, sexuality, and stick outgrounds. These factors greatly influence a cases outcome, even though lawyers are allowed to have their jury it is impossible to know each person individually (Albonetti and Hagan, 1982). In common law, legislature creates the laws that are written down and left for interpretation by the judges of the court, this is called statutory interpretation (Bucher, 2012).The strength of this system of law is the ability that law has to change downf all is that it leaves room for bias in the interpretation of law. or so scholars suggest that law and the legal system is patriarchal. The feminist legal theory suggests that the legal system is male dominated and perpetuates gender discrimination (Bucher, 2012). Language can be biased in law the United States suffers from this weakness. In the Declaration of Independence biased language is evident. All Men Are Created Equal a line from the Declaration of independence has brought forth discussion and conflict because of biases behind the words.Women have fought for their rights to be considered equal because society takes the patriarchal documents literal, progress is slowly made. Everything, including law, can be interpreted differently, making the judges job detrimental to the court process. The discretion of the authority in the court system, although important, also creates inconsistency in the legal system. African Americans account for 49.4 percent of the 1.3 million American s in prison (Westervely & Humphrey, 2008). Two different theories can explain the bias in society that explains the high population of African Americans. These theories are the Individual Explanation Theory and the Structural Explanation Theory.Individual Explanation TheoryThis theory focuses on the behavior and traits of those involved in a trial. Racism is a factor in explaining why an innocent person is tried. This happens because the adversarial system does not focus on searching for the truth and allows the jury to makes a decision on beliefs and prejudices of a certain race. Stereotyping is also included when a jury convicts someone on account of preconceived notions of a group (Westervely & Humphrey, 2008).Structural Explanation TheoryThis theory provides two explanations for the bias. The first is the Blalocks Power-Threat Hypothesis. The hypothesis states that the increase in minority conviction is due to whites trying to keep power and control over minority races by disadv antaging them. The second explanation states that the treatment of minorities in the criminal justice system is a reflection of societal beliefs. Equality in the criminal justice system is not possible until everything else is equal (Westervely & Humphrey, 128, 2008).Plea-Bargains and its deficienciesDue to the amount of offenders that go through the U.S. court systems prosecutors are more likely to use plea-bargains to settle cases quickly. It is estimated that roughly 90-95 percent of all criminal convictions are arrived through pleabargains (Vago, 118). This tactic can be linked to stratification and inequality, when a person on trial does not have the finances for a good lawyer the assumption is that they will lose. This makes a plea-bargain more appealing, as it is the best option to avoid a longer sentence (Kipnis, 1976). The Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defendants summarized the state of representation as follows Overall, there is abundant evidence in this rep ort that defense services for the poor are inadequately funded. As a result, millions of persons who have a constitutional right to counsel are denied effective legal representation (Mosteller, 2011).This is another factor to cause change in the legal system so that truth can properly be found. The ability to plea-guilty hinders the search for truth and justice. In the inquisitorial system guilty pleas and plea-bargaining are not allowed so that the system can properly search for the truth. It does not give the accused rights, unlike the United States.While in the United States the adversarial process gives the accused the ability to invoke guilty for a lesser sentence which some would consider soft on crime. In the adversarial process after a confession is given, the investigation is typically over even if the individual is innocent. In the inquisitorial system a confession is not warranted since it is the duty of the court to come up with evidence and prove guilt (Berger, 1972).I njusticeWith all this bias in our legal system this gives room for errors in justice. An error in justice is any departure from an optimum outcome of justice for a criminal case (Frost, 2004). There are two types of errors that can be described systematic and random. Systematic is when there is an error within the law that consistently creates injustice. When a law is in enacted and it oppresses a certain group consistently this is systematic injustice. Random errors are created while criminal justice officials are enforcing the law and the error is sporadic (Frost, 2004). Both of these can create errors of due process, which is when the rights of the accused are violated. The first error is miscarriage of justice an example of this is when an innocent man is convicted of a crime.The second type of error of due process is error of impunity, when an error in the procedure of due process is committed and as a result guilty convict is set free. Both of these do create great mistrust in the legal system and deter people from getting involved within its legal processes (Sherman, 2002). This can lead to what Black was suggesting when he stated that law will shift back to a more primitive family based form of sanctions, because of mistrust in the authority that was supposed to protect them.ChangeWith new understandings of societal factors (race, gender, sexuality) the adversarial system necessarily to be revised so that it aids the search for truth or it will be blinded by these factors. Society has grown complex and so has its problems with in the legal system. The courts must come up with different resolutions for crimes and convictions, not just a one size fits all solution. In nucleus the adjudication system is not wrong, but the misuse of evidence and human error leads to mistakes. One might ask should we change the adversarial system entirely or settle on the many flaws within the system.The current process being used relies on the state (prosecutor) to dete rmine if the court should or shouldnt present the evidence accumulated from the crime, or if that would benefit the accused in some way. All evidence should be given to a neutral party, such as the court, and have the court system decide what should be done. This would remove the ability of the prosecutor to hide facts that could be essential to the investigation (Westervely & Humphrey, 2008).In an ideal system the court should base their decision after learning all the facts, without any evidence withheld from either side. There can be a mixture of different processes, which can better achieve justice in a complex society. For example, a different process would be needed to determine if a dangerous criminal is guilty than that of finding parental rights. Forms such as the inquisitorial investigation, mediation, private problem-solving, group negotiating processes could be used to search for truth.ConclusionThe adversarial systems values do not learn what the goals of the system s hould be. In the ideal system restorative and rehabilitation justice would be utilized to the fullest in order to help the people going through the criminal justice process learn and become productive members of society. Societys beliefs are that of retribution and vengeance. Society as a whole wants to cover criminals punished for crimes that they feel where committed upon them. To completely change the beliefs of the criminal justice system, society needs to change its values from retribution and vengeance, to a form of justice that will help society instead of looking for revenge.Values in the criminal justice system represent what that society believes in. The belief in winning shouldnt be enforced, like the adversarial process has done, because it does not accomplish what the main goal of the criminal justice system is to provide justice to the citizens of the country the system serves, along with the search for truth. The values of rehabilitation and restoration should be the foundation on which we build our new system. If this is done than our society will begin to help its self in creating a strong nation that is just and true.ReferencesAlbonetti, Celesta and Hagan, John. Race, Class, and the Perception of Criminal Injustice in America. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 88, No. 2 (Sep., 1982), pp. 329-355 Berger, Moise. The Case Against Plea-Bargaining. American Bar Association Journal. Vol 62.pg621.(1972) Black, Donald. TheBehavior of Law. The University of Michigan, Academic Press. 1976 Bucher, Jacob. Law and Society. Lectures. Baker University. 2012 Cantor, Norman F. Imagining the law Common law and the foundations of the American legal system. HarperCollins Publishers (New York). 1997. David F. Hall et al., direct event Information and Changes in Recollection for a Natural Event, in Eyewitness Testimony Psychological Perspectives124 (Gary L. Wells & Elizabeth F. Loftus eds., 1984) Frost, Brian. Errors of Justice Nature, Sources, and Remedies. P ress Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.2004. Gudjonsson, Gisli H. The psychological science of interrogations, confessions and testimony. Wiley series in psychology of crime, policing and law. Oxford, England John Wiley & Sons. (1992). xii 362 pp. Humphrey, John A. & Westervely, Saundra D. Wrongly Convicted Perspectives on Failed Justice. Rutgers State University Press. 2008Jonakait, Randolph N. The Rise of the American Adversary System American beforehand England. New York Law School. Widner Law Review. V14.2009. Kipnis, Kenneth. Criminal Justice and the Negotiated Plea. The University of Chicago Press. Ethics , Vol. 86, No. 2 (Jan., 1976), pp. 93-106 Meadow, Carrie M. The Trouble with the Adversarial System in a Postmodern, Multicultural World. William and bloody shame Law Review. V.38. 1996. Merrill B. Hintikka & Jaakko Hintikka, How Can Language Be Sexist?, in Discovering Reality, supra note 31, at 139. Mosteller, Robert P. Failures of the American Adversarial System to Protect the Innocent and Conceptual Advantages in the Inquisitorial Design for Investigative Fairness.2011. University of North Carolina School of Law. Sherman, Lawrence W. Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice. NIJ Journal, March (2002) 23-31. Vago, Steven. Law and Society. Pearson Education, Practice Hall.2012.

A Passage to India Essay

In E. M. Forsters A going to India, identities and the labels placed on identities create a wrong environment in which little bottom be achieved. The English colonists and their Indian subjects atomic number 18 on frigid sides of the conflict. The Indians acknowledge that labels are subject to limitation and can blind whizz to critical differences. The English, how invariably, insist on assigning a label to totally components of their lives. A tiny and un recognis competent green snort symbolizes this struggle amidst these ii groups, as they are embroiled in the muddle of India. The indeterminate green bird hints at the irreconcilability of the two cultures.Indias mystery, just as the birds, cannot be explained when approached from two wholly disparate methodologies. Miss Adela Quested and Ronny Heaslop argue over the green bird, and in doing so, illustrate how the English handle identity. Foremost, it is imp erative to the two that they identify what kind of bird it is. Forster admits that although the bird was of no importance, (91) the two, and therefore the English whom they represent, feel a take in to assign a name to the bird. His narration is received that identifying the bird would nearhow bring in solaced their hearts. (91)Critically, the two digest just agreed to call off the wedding plans for which Adela had journeyed to India. The two ex-lovers are surprisingly mechanical when discussing this hot course of action. The two agree that had they quarreled (90) about this change of plans, it would have been too absurd. (90) Emotions do not bet to hold an important part in English interpersonal relationships. Adela describes their apparent detachment as organism awfully British. (90) In fact, although Ronny felt angry and bruised (90) by his dismissal, he refuses to show his pain because of pride, furthering the message of English emotional detachment.From a modern perspective, if Ronny loves Adela deeply, it would be unthinkable t hat he could let his pride keep him from pursue her. Instead of addressing their emotional businesss, the two pursue the green bird and try to force it to have some degree of English order. The small green bird symbolizes India it defies English labeling, it is constantly changing and it is far more(prenominal) complex than a single name could communicate. Adela does her best to describe the bird by noting its physical characteristics and location. She hopes that Ronny can explain this bird to her once he knows that it is green and in the tree above them.Similarly, Adela hopes she leave alone take India once Aziz lists a few characteristics. Yet, she is uneffective to determine mingled with fact and opinion as she recognized e actuallything Aziz said as verbally true. (76) Just as Ronny is unable to name the bird, Aziz will be unable to explain India. Adela makes the mistake that a label will suffice to create understanding. However, cryptograph in India is identifiable ( 91) and by asking the very question Adela has already started a ripple that will cavitate through count on which she asks to divulge. For example, one cannot study water in either detail without placing oneself into the water.However, by entering the water, one will have created a ripple and the water has forever changed. It is an unreasonable hope to observe an experiene without concurrently changing or interacting with it. Studying birds is much the same one cannot study the bird if it is unaccustomed to ones presence and darn one appears foreign to the environment the bird will not act as it would naturally. Therefore, as long as the English neither assimilate into their environment nor attempt any reconciliation with it, they will be unable to appreciate it.Ronny Heaslop is unable to visualize the conundrum he faces he does not begin to hypothecate that his presence in an environment changes it and therefore requires some adjustment on his own part. An example of this prob lem is when Ronny encroaches Fieldings luncheon and is untamed to the Indian guests. While it is possible to imagine the guests might commonly ignore such behavior and assume it was merely English, for the past few hours they have been attending an illegitimate party (71) in which they were kickshawed as equals and with respect by all parties.Yet Ronny brings the party tooshie to the reality where such affabilitiy is seldom seen. (77) When Ronny deals with Indians as private individuals he forgets them. (81) As Fielding finally confronts Ronny with the results of his actions, Ronny responds, Well its nothing Ive said I never even spoke to Aziz. (83) He is completely unaware that ignoring Aziz is exactly what has infuriated him. Ronny ignores Aziz because he has labeled him. In the type English colonists mind there are lead types of people in India.There are the British, the Indians in professional environments and the natives. To the colonists, only the first group requir es any acknowledgement otherwise Ronny would obviously have greeted Aziz or Godbole. The last and overwhelmingly largest group includes everyone who does not commence under the first two headings. The natives are unworthy of respect, should not be trusted and certainly are not gentlemen. As Aziz is therefore unworthy of respect, in Ronnys mind, Ronny simply could not be merciless to him. It is physically impossible to offend a native.In Ronnys logic, if he were told he had been rude to one of the British he would be ashamed and apologetic with regard to Indians, he simply does not see his transgressions. In the same capacity, because he is British he is unable to vary in his treatment of Indians the small-arm who doesnt tow the line is lost. (190) The English do not understand there is a problem with the way the two cultures interact. From the English perspective, the natives are brutish and almost worthless. From the Indian perspective, the English are rude and unaccommodating . It is unfortunate that the two groups cannot find a middle ground.Nevertheless, Forsters description of these troubled dealings is practically flawless. If the English and the Indians are able to find a common ground and communicate with each other, it is believably that the two cultures could co-exist in Forsters world. The green bird will remain indecipherable to the English and Indian to the Indians. India requires the acceptance and embracing of variation when the English realize this, their interaction will improve, not before.Works CitedForster, E. M.. A Passage to India. unused York Harcourt Brace & Company, 1989.A Passage to India EssayBooks are truly among the best things ever invented. With thousands of books out there, there are plenty of connections to be make. Here is an example of a connection made when reading this two novels. A Passage to India is a story that takes place in India during the reign of the British Empire. It is truly wonderful when you read a book and manage to make a connection between two diverse novels. While reading A Passage to India, a connection was made between this book and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In A Passage to India ,There are constant clashes between cultures, races, religion, and even politics. This story depicts India as a world of only two types of people the British, and everyone else that isnt British. The British are shown as master authority to the Indians.They are very rude and disrespectful. They are very racist towards the Indians. In A Passage to India, the British dont usually mix and mingle with the Indians because they are both very different groups of people, and the British are seen as racist in this novel. Their cultures are really different, and there religions are by far different. Basically, the Indians and British are segregated. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, whites and blacks are segregated in the southern states due to the era in which the story takes place. Most, if not all, of the blacks are slaves. The whites dont ilk the blacks because they are considered lower standard people, slaves. There are only two types of people in this story whites, and non-whites. Racism is a very common obstacle in our world and is used in umteen stories to depict and portray certain hardships and time periods of our world. Both of these stories use racialism to help portray these two very different shots.In A Passage to India, the British are very biting and cruel towards the Indians, just like how the whites treat the blacks in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Youre superior to them, anyway. Dont forget that. Youre superior to everyone in India save one or two of the Ranis, and theyre on equality.(Forester 42). Mrs. Turtons statement gives us an example of the racism of a typical Englishwomen. Here she tells Adela that they are superior to Indians in any way possible, even the higher(prenominal) politicians. The authors use statements like these to help the reader be able to imagine how things must be in the particular setting. Here, is a passage from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which shows us how racism is used to help build up the setting by Mark Twain. It was lection day, and I was justabout to go and vote myself if I warnt too drunk to get there but when they told me there was a State in this arena where theyd let that nigger vote, I drawed out. I says Ill never vote agin.(Sawyer 28). Just because a black man was free to vote in the election, Pap would never vote again because he didnt believe blacks were good enough to be able to vote in the Election of the hot seat of the USA. He didnt want to be held to the same standards as blacks, he wanted to be able to be distinguished from blacks and have superiority. In his eyes, blacks were just property. They werent meant to be anything other than slaves.This passage helps the reader understand and imagine the harsh setting of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These novel s have very different settings but still have one thing in common. These two authors take a risky and sensitive subject like racism to help portray their stories and how they impact the reader. This connection also shows us that there is racism all around the world, even if these are fictional stories. A Passage to India and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn both are stating messages that show how harsh and cruel racism can be, and how it affects people. Racism a very common theme in many stories and there are many connections to be made amongst them.Forster, E. M. A Passage to India, New York Harcourt, Brace and, 1924. Print. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York Random House, 1996. Print.